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What is the toxicity testing ?

The FDA has a protocol for the testing of substances to be added to the food supply.The toxicity testing procedures are revised frequently to keep up with the ever-advancing field of toxicology FAO/WHO has an expert committee of scientists from many countries of the world that meets regularly to evaluate any new data on the toxicity of additives, coloring, and pesticides used anywhere in the world.

How are Toxicity Tests Conducted?

Toxicity testing usually involves feeding the chemical in questions to laboratory animals . Ideally , the metabolic fate of the chemical in the body is determined early in the test procedure. To do this, the compound can be labeled with an isotope before it is administered to the animal . Metabolic studies then determine whether the substance is completely excreted , rapidly or slowly excreted, stored , or metabolized into a compound one or more other compounds, their metabolic fate and safety must be determined.

A major objective of these studies is to establish that the same patterns of absorption , distribution, metabolism an elimination occur in the experimental animals used for the toxicity tests as in humans. Obviously , further toxicity testing should be done on animals with pathways for metabolism and disposition of the chemical that are most similar to the human pathways.

Unfortunately , this is not always the case . Sometimes species are selected that are low-cost , convenient , and have low food consumption and short life spans. Apart from these considerations, it is important that the pharmacokinetics in experimental animals and humans be comparable when determining appropriate dosages for experimentation and when extrapolating animal data to predict human safety.

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